main lahore, Pakistan mein rahta hoon. Information about Muhammad bin Qasim and the Arab conquest of Sind in the medieval Arabic sources is limited compared to the contemporary Muslim conquest of Transoxiana. [35] The capture of towns was usually accomplished by means of a treaty with a party from among the enemy, who were then extended special privileges and material rewards. [41] Qasim fixed Zakat at 10% of the agricultural produce. "[33], The military strategy had been outlined by Al-Hajjaj in a letter sent to Muhammad bin Qasim:[34]. [2] Some traditions state that Al-Qāsim's mother was a daughter of Yazdegerd III and a sister of Shahrbanu, the mother of fourth Shi'a Imam, Ali ibn Husayn. [37] Meanwhile, the common folk were often pardoned and encouraged to continue working;[36] Al-Hajjaj ordered that this option not be granted to any inhabitant of Debal, yet Qasim still bestowed it upon certain groups and individuals. Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr 4. The Hindu rulers had oppressed them heavily, and the Jats and Meds and other tribes were on the side of the invaders. Muhamed ben Qasim Al-Taqafi (en árabe, محمد بن قاسم: محمد بن قاسم, c. Taif 31 diciembre, 695-Iraq 18 julio, 715), nacido Muhammad ben Qasim ben Yusuf Az Zaqafi, era un general árabe que conquistó el Sind y el Punyab, regiones regadas por el río Indo (forman parte del moderno Pakistán). [31], The conquest of Sindh, in modern-day Pakistan, although costly, was a major gain for the Umayyad Caliphate. 2: "Religious Movements and Institutions in Medieval India", Chapter 13, Oxford University Press (2006). Qasim Company in Pakistan Army is named after Muhammad bin Qasim. When he approached death it is related that the Kabah said, “O Qasim! Al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad ibn Abī Bakr (Arabic: قاسم بن محمد ) (born 36 or 38 AH and died 106 AH or 108 AH; corresponding to c. 660/662 and 728/730) was an important jurist in early Islam.He is considered the fourth in the Naqshbandi Golden Chain of Sufi masters. He grew up in the care of his mother; he soon became a great asset to his uncle Muhammad Ibn Yusuf, the governor of Yemen. [69] The period of Qasim's rule has been called by U.T. [31] One-fifth of the war booty including slaves were remitted to al-Hajjaj and the Caliph. Muhammad ibn Qasim merupakan ahli puak Thaqeef, yang masih tinggal di dan sekitar bandar Taif, bapa Muhammad bin Qasim adalah Qasim bin Yusuf yang meninggal ketika Muhammad bin Qasim masih muda, meninggalkan ibunya menguruskan Shia Scholars In his rijal, . Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed ibn Ibrahim al-Wazir al-Ghassani al-Andalusi (1548–1610) was a famous physician at the Saadian court. [5] Following their general embrace of Islam in c. 630, members of the Thaqif gradually attained high military and administrative ranks in the nascent Caliphate and played the important command and economic roles during and after the early Muslim conquests, particularly in Iraq. [41], While Muhammad's warring was clearly at times brutal, he is supposed to have said of Hinduism that 'the idol temple is similar to the churches of the Christians, (to the synagogues) of the Jews and to the fire temples of the Zoroastrians' (mā al-budd illā ka-kanāʾis al-naṣārā wa ’l-yahūd wa-buyūt nīrān al-madjūs). Al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr was one of the seven most famous jurists in Medina, and was considered as the most knowledgeable among them. The Arabs' first concern was to facilitate the conquest of Sindh with the fewest casualties while also trying to preserve the economic infrastructure. [12] Al-Hajjaj superintended this campaign from Kufa by maintaining close contact with Muhammad in the form of regular reports for which purpose special messengers were deputed between Basra and Sindh. When Hajjaj asked Dahir for the release of prisoners and compensation, the latter refused on the ground that he had no control over those. Sukaynah, Harun's eldest daughter, was also Qasim's full sister.1 In his youth, Qasim was placed under the tutorship of the influential general Abd al-Malik ibn Salih. Religion; the widespread belief in the prophecy of Muslim success. [17] He likely succeeded his uncle Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi, a brother of al-Hajjaj, who was previously a governor. Sufyan said, "Some people came to al-Qasim with charity which he distributed. [2] A detailed account of Muhammad's conquest of Sind and his death is found in the Chach Nama, a 13th-century Persian text. [16], Muhammad's first assignment was in the province Fars in modern Iran, where he was asked to subjugate a group of Kurds. Muhammad ibn al-Qasim al-Thaqafi (Arabisch: محمد بن قاسم, Muḥammad ibn Qāsim; Taif, 31 december 695 - Mosoel, 18 juli 715) was een Arabische veldheer in dienst van de Omajjaden, die militaire expedities naar Voor-Indië leidde. [citation needed], Hajjaj had put more care and planning into this campaign than the second campaign. Muhammad bin Qasim Road/avenue in Karachi is named after Muhammad bin Qasim. In our time no one is considered perfect until he is perfect in following the Sunnah of the Prophet and Qasim is one of the perfected men. According to al-Baladhuri Muhammad was killed due to a family feud with the governor of Iraq. Muhammad bin Qasim was born around 695 AD. Maclean, Derryl N. (1989), Religion and Society in Arab Sind, BRILL, pp. [56] Majority of the population continued to remain Hindu who had to pay the jizya imposed by the Muslim state. [67], Various polemical perceptions of Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism are also reflected in this debate. [29][63] These successor states did not achieve much and shrank in size. Mohammad Yunus, Aradhana Parmar, 2003, "South Asia: A Historical Narrative", Oxford University Press, page 123. [37] Sulh appeared to be Muhammad bin Qasim's preferred mode of conquest, the method used for more than 60% of the towns and tribes recorded by al-Baladhuri and the Chach Nama. [24] Under the Umayyads (661 - 750 AD), many Shias sought asylum in the region of Sindh, to live in relative peace in the remote area. Abu al Al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad ibn Abī Bakr (Arabic: قاسم بن محمد‎) (born 36 or 38 AH and died 106 AH [1] or 108 AH; corresponding to c. 660/662 and 728/730)[2] was an important jurist in early Islam. mawla; non-Arab, Muslim freedmen) from Iraq. Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed ibn Ibrahim al-Wazir al-Ghassani al-Andalusi (Arabic: قاسم بن محمد الغساني ) (1548–1610) was a famous physician at the Saadian court. in the Caliphate, but not of it). Ziyad Hindi is one of those refugees. [10], No information is provided by the Arabic sources about Muhammad's childhood and adolescence. He is considered the fourth in the Naqshbandi Golden Chain of Sufi masters. An aged supporter of rebels and a Shia notable of the time, a disciple of the companion of Prophet Jabir ibn Abd Allah al-Ansari and a famous narrator of Hadith,[21] Atiyya ibn Sa'd Awfi was arrested by Muhammad bin Qasim on the orders of Al-Hajjaj and demanded that he curse Ali on threat of punishment. Ibn al-Qasim's father was in the Dewan, and he used the money he inherited from him for his studies. [31] In the wake of the battle enemy soldiers were executed —though artisans, merchants and farmers were spared —and Dahir[clarification needed] and his chiefs, the "daughters of princes" and the usual fifth of the booty and slaves were sent to al-Hajjaj. Dreams of Muhammad Qasim ibn Abdul Karim Home Videos Read My Dreams TV Interviews Interviews Articles and Blogs Social Media Links Home Allah S.W.T (500+) times and Muhammad (ﷺ) talked (300+) times in #MuhammadQasimDreams. [22][23], The connection between the Hindu Sind and Islam was established by the initial Muslim missions during the Rashidun Caliphate. Muhammad was later arrested under the orders of the Caliph by the replacement governor of Sindh. [4] The latter later married Ali's son Muhammad al-Baqir and became the mother of the sixth Shi'a Imam, Ja'far as-Sadiq. [52][53] In Al-Biruni's narrative, according to Manan Ahmed Asif – a historian of Islam in South and Southeast Asia, "Qasim first asserts the superiority of Islam over the polytheists by committing a taboo (killing a cow) and publicly soiling the idol (giving the cow meat as an offering)" before allowing the temple to continue as a place of worship. My dreams are related to the Geo Political, Signs of Qiyamah, Doomsday, Rise of Islam, Peace in the World, Essa a.s, Gog Magog and Dajjal. There are two different accounts regarding the details of Muhammad's fate: After bin Qasim's departure, the next appointed Arab governor died on arrival. Al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad ibn Abī Bakr (Arabic: قاسم بن محمد‎) (born 36 or 38 AH and died 106 AH [1] or 108 AH; corresponding to c. 660/662 and 728/730)[2] was an important jurist in early Islam. While Maclean doesn't give the details of the punishment, early historians like Ibn Hajar Al-asqalani and Tabari record that he was flogged by 400 lashes and his head and beard shaved for humiliation and that he fled to Khurasan and returned to Iraq after the ruler had been changed. ", "History books contain major distortions", "From Mongols to Mughals : Hindu–Muslim relations in medieval India". Ibn Khallikan´s 13th century Biographical Dictionary records the death "29th of the first Jumada" A.H. 433 (24 Jan 1042) of "the kadi Muhammad Ibn Ismail" and his burial at Seville, when recording his grandson Abu al-Qasim Mohammed al-Mutamid[599]. However, further gains were halted by Hindu kingdoms during Arab campaigns. [37] At one point, he was actually berated by Al-Hajjaj for being too lenient. [29], During his administration, Hindus and Buddhists were inducted into the administration as trusted advisors and governors. 126. en) Maclean, D.N., 1989: Religion and Society in Arab Sind, Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN 90-04-08551-3. He is considered the fourth in the Naqshbandi Golden Chain of Sufi masters. [39], After the conquest, Muhammad bin Qasim's task was to set up an administrative structure for a stable Muslim state that incorporated a newly conquered alien land, inhabited by non-Muslims. It was through these seven great Imams that the Traditions, early jurisprudence, and Quranic commentaries were disseminated to the people. He had no concern for the opinion of people. 694. [37], After each major phase of his conquest, Muhammad bin Qasim attempted to establish law and order in the newly conquered territory by showing religious tolerance and incorporating the ruling class – the Brahmins and Shramanas – into his administration. After the conquest, Muhammad bin Qasim's task was to set up an administrative structure for a stable Muslim state that incorporated a newly conquered alien land, inhabited by non-Muslims. Online Version of the History of the Rise of Mahommedan Power in India by Ferishta, Indus Valley School of Art and Architecture, Karachi Institute of Economics and Technology, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Education Lahore (Multan Campus), List of educational institutions in Multan, Hyderabad Institute of Arts, Science and Technology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_bin_Qasim&oldid=1005929829, 8th-century executions by the Umayyad Caliphate, Short description is different from Wikidata, Article sections to be split from June 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2015, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. To such suppliants Mohammad Kasim gave the liberal terms that the Arabs usually offered to all but inveterate foes. [31], At Ar-rur (Rohri) Muhammad was met by Dahir's forces and the eastern Jats in battle. He is a simple man but allah swt has chosen him for showing divine dreams. [26], According to Wink, Umayyad interest in the region was galvanized by the operation of the Meds (a tribe of Scythians living in Sindh) and others. He established Islamic Sharia law over the people of the region; however, Hindus were allowed to rule their villages and settle their disputes according to their own laws,[29] and traditional hierarchical institutions, including the village headmen (rais) and chieftains (dihqans) were maintained. The French scholar Gustave Le Bon (the author of. 39, pp. The laboring under disabilities of the Lohana Jats. He built a royal villa in the city and a military camp at a short distance from it. [27][29][30], Also cited as a reason for this campaign was the policy of providing refuge to Sassanids fleeing the Arab advance and to Arab rebels from the Umayyad consolidation of their rule. He was highly influential in disseminating early traditions of hadith, fiqh (jurisprudence) and tafsir (exegesis) of the Qur'an. Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr as-Siddiq was one of the seven most famous jurists in Madinah, being the most knowledgeable among them. He was a transmitter of hadith and criticised the use of a hadith if its text was put before the Quran and established Sunnah.[2]. History of al-Tabari Vol. Defections from among Dahirs chiefs and nobles. Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi (Arabic: محمد بن القاسم الثقفي‎, romanized: Muḥammad bin al-Qāsim al-Thaqafī; c. 695 – 715[1]), also known by the laqab (honorific epithet) of Imad ad-Din (Arabic: عماد الدين‎, romanized: ʿImād al-Dīn), was an Arab military commander of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the Muslim conquest of Sindh and Multan from the last Hindu king, Raja Dahir in the battle of Aror. He lived in Marrakesh and Fez and was of Morisco descent. [17], Fars might have also had at this time some of the rebels left over from the revolt of Ibn al-Ash'ath, which almost brought down the rule of al-Hajjaj. Al-Qāsim's father was Muhammad, son of the first Rashidun Caliph, Abu Bakr. [31] In preparation to meet them, Muhammad returned to Nerun to resupply and receive reinforcements sent by al-Hajjaj. The Arab conquest remained checked in what is now the south of Pakistan for three centuries by powerful Hindu monarchs to the north and east until the arrival of Mahmud of Ghazni. Al-Hajjaj sent Muhammad Bin Qasim for action against the Sindh in 711. 4. His son said to them, "You are speaking behind the back of a man who distributed your charity and did not take one dirham from it for himself." [18][19][20] He was also given the task of subjugating the area to the south of Shiraz, and the distant area of Jurjan near the Caspian Sea. [31] When Muhammad passed through the Makran desert while raising his forces, he had to subdue the restive towns of Fannazbur and Arman Belah (Lasbela), both of which had previously been conquered by the Arabs. [35] Towns were given two options: submit to Islamic authority peacefully or be attacked by force (anwattan), with the choice governing their treatment upon capture. [11] Al-Hajjaj was highly fond of Muhammad,[11] and considered him prestigious enough to marry his sister Zaynab,[12] though she preferred the older Thaqafite al-Hakam ibn Ayyub ibn al-Hakam, to whom she was ultimately wed.[13][14] The Kitab al-aghani refers to Muhammad at the age of 17 as "the noblest Thaqafite of his time". [54], A religious Islamic office, "sadru-I-Islam al affal", was created to oversee the secular governors. [31] The army which departed from Shiraz under Muhammad consisted of 6,000 Syrian cavalry and detachments of mawali (sing. He wanted to teach his son not to defend him, as his only desire was to please God. The tribes came in, 'ringing bells and beating drums and dancing,' in token of welcome. [31] Soon the capitals of the other provinces, Brahmanabad, Alor (Battle of Aror) and Multan, were captured alongside other in-between towns with only light Muslim casualties. Mahomet prit comme qunya Abu-l-Qâsim (Le père de Qasim) comme nom de paternité, ce qui était courant comme pratique à l'époque. [31] Upon securing the aid of Mokah Basayah, "the King of the island of Bet", Muhammad crossed over the river where he was joined by the forces of the Thakore of Bhatta and the western Jats. Jurist and Grandson of Abu Bakr al-siddiq. During the Abassid period, c. 870, the local emirs shook off all allegiance to the caliphs and by the 10th century the region was split into two weak states, Mansurah on the lower Indus and Multan on the upper Indus, which were soon captured by Ismailis who set up an independent Fatimid state. S. A. N. Rezavi, "The Shia Muslims", in History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization, Vol. [36] There were two types of such treaties, "Sulh" or "ahd-e-wasiq (capitulation)" and "aman (surrender/ peace)". The concept of Jihad as a morale booster. Qasim ibn Muhammad (927 كتاب) If you do not find what you're looking for, you can use more accurate words. After the successful completion of the mission, he was appointed as the governor of Fars. Abdu r-Rahman ibn Abi Zannad said that his father mentioned, "I did not see anyone who knew the Sunnah better than al-Qasim. [45] The preference of collection of jizya over the conversion to Islam is a major economic motivator. The Samanis being persuaded to submit and not take up arms because the majority of the population was Buddhist who were dissatisfied with their rulers, who were Hindu. This is usually voiced in two antagonistic perspectives viewing Qasim's actions:[65], His conquest, as described by Stanley Lane-Poole, in Medieval India (Published in 1970 by Haskell House Publishers Ltd), was "liberal". "The fall of Multan laid the Indus valley at the feet of the conqueror. His paternal aunt was Aisha, one of the wives of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Mahomet prit comme qunya Abu-l-Qâsim (Le père de Qasim) comme nom de paternité, ce qui était courant comme pratique à l'époque. He established Islamic Sharia law over the people of the region; however, Hindus were allowed to rule their villages and settle their dis… John Powell, 2010, "Weapons & Warfare: Warfare : culture and concepts", Salem Press, page 884. [2] The Futuh al-Buldan (Conquests of the lands) by al-Baladhuri (d. 892) contains a few pages on the conquest of Sindh and Muhammad's forces, while biographical information is limited to a passage in the work of al-Ya'qubi (d. 898), a few lines in the history of al-Tabari (d. 839) and scant mention in the Kitab al-aghani (Book of songs) of Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani. [31] The general populace was encouraged to carry on with their trades and taxes and tributes settled. Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi (Arabic: محمد بن القاسم الثقفي‎, romanized: Muḥammad bin al-Qāsim al-Thaqafī; c. 695 – 715 ), also known by the laqab (honorific epithet) of Imad ad-Din (Arabic: عماد الدين‎, romanized: ʿImād al-Dīn), was an Arab military commander of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the Muslim conquest of Sindh and Multan from the last Brahman king, Raja Dahir in the battle of Aror.