[113], Israel attempted to assassinate Arafat on a number of occasions, but has never used its own agents, preferring instead to "turn" Palestinians close to the intended target, usually using blackmail. [191] Unlike the Swiss report, the French and Russian reports were not made public, at the time. Hvala za posjetu i dobro doÅ¡li na stranice NOOR d.o.o. [87], In 1970, Arafat declared: "Our basic aim is to liberate the land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River. Lisa Halaby kävi koulunsa Yhdysvalloissa. [82] In response, the IDF launched Operation Litani three days later, with the goal of taking control of Southern Lebanon up to the Litani River. Al-Qudwa was the name of his tribe and al-Husseini was that of the clan to which the al-Qudwas belonged. The report implicated Arafat in the "planning and execution of terror attacks". Kuningas Abdullah II:n äitipuolena Nooria ei voida kutsua Jordanian kuningataräidiksi, vaikka kuninkaan vaimo Rania al-Abdullah on kannattanut arvonimeä. Elizabethistä tuli Noor, joka tarkoittaa arabiaksi valoa. With the help of Munib Masri, a pro-Palestinian Jordanian cabinet member, and Fahd al-Khomeimi, the Saudi ambassador to Jordan, Arafat managed to enter Syria with nearly two thousand of his fighters. [68][97] The agreement called for the implementation of Palestinian self-rule in portions of the West Bank and Gaza Strip over a five-year period, along with an immediate halt to and gradual removal of Israeli settlements in those areas. Both would later become Arafat's top aides. Mahmoud al-Zahar, a Hamas leader in Gaza, stated in September 2010 that Arafat had instructed Hamas to launch what he termed "military operations" against Israel in 2000 when Arafat felt that negotiations with Israel would not succeed. This caused discontent among several of the PLO factions; the PFLP, DFLP and other parties formed a breakaway organization, the Rejectionist Front. Summer 2017 Program Participant. [149][150][151] On 3 November, he had lapsed into a gradually deepening coma. [124] With that, and a promise that he would issue a call to the Palestinians to halt attacks on Israelis, Arafat was released. Although Nasser and his Arab allies had been defeated, Arafat and Fatah could claim a victory, in that the majority of Palestinians, who had up to that time tended to align and sympathize with individual Arab governments, now began to agree that a 'Palestinian' solution to their dilemma was indispensable. Fatah had approximately three hundred members by this time, but none were fighters. These groups often bombed non-military targets, such as malls and movie theaters, to increase the psychological damage and civilian casualties. With mass applause from the Arab world, financial donations increased significantly, and Fatah's weaponry and equipment improved. [106] [148] Following visits by other doctors, including teams from Tunisia, Jordan, and Egypt—and agreement by Israel to allow him to travel—Arafat was flown from Ramallah to Jordan by a Jordanian military helicopter and from there to France on a French military plane. Abu Iyad explains that Abu Sa'ed confessed after he received the order to go ahead, explaining that he was unable to go through with the plot because, "He was first of all a Palestinian and his conscience wouldn't let him do it. [144] During Israel's Operation Defensive Shield, the Israel army recovered counterfeit money and documents from Arafat's Ramallah headquarters. [101], Arafat established a Palestinian police force, named the Preventive Security Service (PSS), that became active on 13 May 1994. By that time, Arafat had graduated with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering and was called to duty to fight with Egyptian forces during the Suez Crisis; however, he never actually fought. Both names are related to Ammar ibn Yasir, one of Muhammad's early companions. In 1994 he returned to Palestine, settling in Gaza City and promoting self-governance for the Palestinian territories. Tests carried out by a Swiss scientific experts found traces of polonium in quantities much higher than could occur naturally on Arafat's personal belongings. They relocated near the town of Jerash, near the border with Syria. The war ended in an Arab defeat and Israel's occupation of several Arab territories, including the West Bank and Gaza Strip. schedule 23:40. [54][55] He became Commander-in-Chief of the Palestinian Revolutionary Forces two years later, and in 1973, became the head of the PLO's political department. In late 2004, after effectively being confined within his Ramallah compound for over two years by the Israeli army, Arafat fell into a coma and died. [147] The assassination was initially assigned to Caesarea, the Mossad unit in charge of Israel's numerous targeted killings. Barely a week after the defeat, Arafat crossed the Jordan River in disguise and entered the West Bank, where he set up recruitment centers in Hebron, the Jerusalem area and Nablus, and began attracting both fighters and financiers for his cause. Palestinian elections scheduled for January 2002 were postponed—the stated reason was an inability to campaign due to the emergency conditions imposed by the Intifada, as well as IDF incursions and restrictions on freedom of movement in the Palestinian territories. Arafat refused, citing his belief in the need for a Palestinian state with Palestinian leadership. [27] After settling in Kuwait, Abu Iyad helped Arafat obtain a temporary job as a schoolteacher. Arafat assigned Mohammed Dahlan and Jibril Rajoub to head the PSS. Arafat and a number of his forces, including two high-ranking commanders, Abu Iyad and Abu Jihad, were forced into the northern corner of Jordan. ("Was Arafat murdered? Translations in context of "Noor" in English-Arabic from Reverso Context: Noor, what will you do now? Several other raids with Fatah's poorly trained and badly-equipped fighters followed this incident. [81] Arafat and Abu Jihad blamed themselves for not successfully organizing a rescue effort. Two days later, various PLO factions retaliated by bombing a bus station, killing eleven civilians. According to Said Aburish, the government of Jordan and a number of Fatah commandos informed Arafat that large-scale Israeli military preparations for an attack on the town were underway, prompting fedayeen groups, such as George Habash's newly formed Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and Nayef Hawatmeh's breakaway organization the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), to withdraw their forces from the town. Because of Lebanon's weak central government, the PLO was able to operate virtually as an independent state. Shooting down a commercial airliner in international airspace over very deep water was thought to be preferable to make recovery of the wreckage, and hence investigation, more difficult. The complex and fragile web of relations between the US, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and other Arab states contributed also to Arafat's longevity as the leader of the Palestinians. Urabi was killed during or after the meeting amid disputed circumstances. Arafat's decision also severed relations with Egypt and many of the oil-producing Arab states that supported the US-led coalition. There they hijacked a bus and sprayed gunfire inside and at passing vehicles, killing thirty-seven civilians. In the 1990s, these groups seemed to threaten Arafat's capacity to hold together a unified nationalist organization with a goal of statehood. [140][141], However, in 2003, a team of American accountants—hired by Arafat's own finance ministry—began examining Arafat's finances. Abu Jihad had previously been assigned the responsibility of the Palestinian territories within the PLO command and, according to biographer Said Aburish, had "impressive knowledge of local conditions" in the Israeli-occupied territories. Not certain; Disputed; Most sources including Tony Walker, Zeev Maoz, Defending the Holy Land, A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security and Foreign Policy, University of Michigan Press, 2006, pages 244–246. [149], Israel refused Arafat's wish to be buried near the Al-Aqsa Mosque or anywhere in Jerusalem, citing security concerns. [78][79] The PLO and LNM retaliated by attacking the town of Damour, a Phalangist stronghold where they massacred 684 people and wounded many more. ")", "Israeli Mossad poisoned Arafat through his medications, says Bassam Abu Sharif", "Cause of Arafat death 'unknown' Medical records of former Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat appear to show that doctors could not determine the underlying cause of his death", "Arafat's Widow Alleges 'Criminal Scheme' over Death", "Palestinians head to Paris to probe Arafat's death", "Family: Platelet disorder killed Arafat", "Arafat's widow calls for body to be exhumed", "Medical Records Say Arafat Died From a Stroke", "Improving forensic investigation for polonium poisoning", "Yasser Arafat's body exhumed in Ramallah", "Yasser Arafat's remains exhumed for death investigation, Palestinians say", "Experts exhume Arafat, seek evidence of poison", "Q&A: Francois Bochud on the Arafat report", 'Swiss study: polonium found in Arafat’s bones,', "Arafat's body loaded with polonium, say scientists", "Russia: Arafat's death not caused by radiation", "Arafat was not poisoned, French prosecutor says", "Yasser Arafat collected news and commentary", UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194, UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242, Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority, Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&oldid=1005349852, Palestine Liberation Organization members, People of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Survivors of aviation accidents or incidents, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with KULTURNAV identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 February 2021, at 06:16. After the foreign national hostages were taken off the planes and moved away from them, three of the planes were blown up in front of international press, which took photos of the explosion. The accords called for a Palestinian police force to be formed from local recruits and Palestinians abroad, to patrol areas of self-rule. "[75] The Civil War's first phase ended and Arafat—who was commanding Fatah forces at Tel al-Zaatar—narrowly escaped with assistance from Saudi and Kuwaiti diplomats.